What complications can arise from untreated aortic stenosis?

Untreated aortic stenosis can lead to significant complications primarily due to the increased workload on the heart and the subsequent impaired blood flow. Heart failure may develop as the left ventricle thickens to generate the necessary force to open the narrowed aortic valve, leading to diastolic dysfunction and eventually to heart failure.

Syncope, or fainting, can occur due to reduced cerebral perfusion, especially during exertion when the cardiac output is insufficient due to the stenotic valve's inability to effectively move blood forward.

Sudden cardiac death is another serious complication that can arise, often due to life-threatening arrhythmias stemming from the structural and electrical abnormalities caused by the prolonged stress on the heart muscle over time.

Overall, these complications are interconnected, rooted in the pathophysiological changes that occur with prolonged untreated aortic stenosis, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in managing this condition.